One of the most common debates among lobbyists, politicians and scientists is the manner in which pharmaceutical manufacturers choose to test their products. Creating much controversy is the testing of medical products, be they prescription or over the counter, on animals. There is also a definite concern on the part of these same groups on the ethics of testing on humans. There are those who are in favor of testing on animals, but not for testing on humans, and vice versa. In the end, the question becomes more than one of mere ethics, but is more centered on the “who,” involved in the ethical decision-making.

Animal Testing

For years now, animal rights activists have been up in arms out of concern for animals, those who often become test subjects for powerful medical drugs. There are those who are in favor of testing on animals and those who are against it. Those who are for it often argue that drug testing on animals is vital to the fight against human diseases. Many animals that are used to test out medicine, such as rats, are also relatively inexpensive to reproduce. In addition to this, supporters of animal testing may feel that it is more ethical, or less unethical, than testing on humans.

There are large organizations, such as PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, who do not feel that animal testing is ethical. The organization reports that over 115 million animals are killed in U.S. laboratories each year, a number that is considered unacceptable. Within the anti-animal testing camp, there are those who divide their beliefs into categories. They may not approve of testing cosmetics on animals, but life saving drugs may be more acceptable.

Human Testing

For some people, it makes more sense to test drugs on humans. Animals, they argue, do not possess the same physiology that provides for accurate tests. Also, if the drugs are for human use, some feel that humans should be the source of data. Many drugs do, however, undergo human testing. This testing, according to the FDA, is divided into three phases.

Conclusion

Pharmaceutical testing occurs currently on both humans and animals. Currently, the marketing of drugs is controlled by the Food and Drug Administration. This organization places stringent restrictions on pharmaceutical companies to prove the effectiveness and safety of a drug, both elements that are often tested on humans or animals. So who should be in charge of making these decisions? Perhaps the time and money should not be spent on debating the issue, but on creating safer alternatives for both humans and animals.

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